Ringfort (Rath), Haremount, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Haremount, Co. Cork

Tucked into a south-facing pasture slope at Haremount in mid Cork, this early medieval earthwork carries within its bank the remains of a limekiln, an industrial intrusion that sits oddly against the far older purpose of the enclosure.

Limekilns were typically built to burn limestone and produce quicklime for agricultural use, a practice common across rural Ireland from the post-medieval period onwards, and whoever constructed or repurposed this one found a ready-made mound of earth in the ringfort's bank and made use of it. The two structures belong to entirely different eras and intentions, yet the later one has simply absorbed itself into the earlier, which is how countryside archaeology often works.

The ringfort itself, known in Irish as a rath, is a type of enclosed farmstead that would have been home to a family of some social standing during the early medieval period, roughly between the fifth and twelfth centuries. Thousands survive across Ireland in varying states. This example measures approximately 28 metres east to west and 26 metres north to south, defined by an earthen bank that still stands around a metre high on the interior and slightly more on the exterior. Running from the north-west around to the east-south-east, the bank gives way elsewhere to a natural scarp in the slope. A fosse, the external ditch that would originally have ringed the enclosure, partially survives to the south-south-west as a shallow, water-filled depression. Cattle have broken through the bank to the north-east, and a field boundary runs close to the enclosure on the north-west side, both signs of the quiet, incremental pressure that agricultural land exerts on ancient earthworks over generations.

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