Ringfort (Rath), Island, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Island, Co. Cork

What makes this ringfort in Island, County Cork, quietly remarkable is not what survives but what has been lost, and how precisely that loss has been measured.

A researcher named Bowman, writing in 1934, found a triple-ramparted ringfort still legible enough to describe in detail, yet already badly reduced: roughly seven-eighths of the outer rampart and half of both the middle and inner ramparts had by then been levelled. The earthworks that remain today represent the residue of a residue.

Ringforts, sometimes called raths, were the predominant enclosed settlement type in early medieval Ireland, typically consisting of a circular area defined by one or more earthen banks and ditches, used to protect a farmstead and its livestock. This example was once among the more elaborate kind, with its triple line of defences placing it well above the single-bank norm. What survives is a roughly circular enclosure measuring about 32.5 metres north to south, bounded by an earthen bank to the north, south, and west, with an intervening fosse, a flat-bottomed ditch, reaching nearly 2.75 metres deep. A second outer bank, lower and more fragmentary, survives to the north and south, and a further fosse to the south is recorded at just over two metres deep. The entrance, 3.5 metres wide, faces east, as is common with ringforts across Ireland. Unusually, a stream runs through the intervening fosse, entering from the north and curving anticlockwise to the south, which would have added both a practical drainage function and an additional obstacle to any unwanted approach. In the south-east quadrant of the interior there is a possible souterrain, an underground stone-lined passage typically used for storage or refuge, though this has not been confirmed. The site now sits on a south-facing slope in pasture, heavily overgrown with trees, scrub, and bushes, which simultaneously obscures the earthworks and, in some respects, protects them from further deterioration.

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