Ringfort (Rath), Island, Co. Cork
Co. Cork |
Ringforts
What makes this ringfort in Island, County Cork, quietly remarkable is not what survives but what has been lost, and how precisely that loss has been measured.
A researcher named Bowman, writing in 1934, found a triple-ramparted ringfort still legible enough to describe in detail, yet already badly reduced: roughly seven-eighths of the outer rampart and half of both the middle and inner ramparts had by then been levelled. The earthworks that remain today represent the residue of a residue.
Ringforts, sometimes called raths, were the predominant enclosed settlement type in early medieval Ireland, typically consisting of a circular area defined by one or more earthen banks and ditches, used to protect a farmstead and its livestock. This example was once among the more elaborate kind, with its triple line of defences placing it well above the single-bank norm. What survives is a roughly circular enclosure measuring about 32.5 metres north to south, bounded by an earthen bank to the north, south, and west, with an intervening fosse, a flat-bottomed ditch, reaching nearly 2.75 metres deep. A second outer bank, lower and more fragmentary, survives to the north and south, and a further fosse to the south is recorded at just over two metres deep. The entrance, 3.5 metres wide, faces east, as is common with ringforts across Ireland. Unusually, a stream runs through the intervening fosse, entering from the north and curving anticlockwise to the south, which would have added both a practical drainage function and an additional obstacle to any unwanted approach. In the south-east quadrant of the interior there is a possible souterrain, an underground stone-lined passage typically used for storage or refuge, though this has not been confirmed. The site now sits on a south-facing slope in pasture, heavily overgrown with trees, scrub, and bushes, which simultaneously obscures the earthworks and, in some respects, protects them from further deterioration.