Ringfort (Rath), Kilbeg By.), Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Kilbeg By.), Co. Cork

On a north-north-west-facing slope in West Cork, in land given over to rough grazing, sits an earthwork that most people would walk past without a second thought.

What makes it worth pausing over is the combination of modest scale and deliberate construction: a roughly circular enclosure, measuring around 24 metres across at its widest, enclosed by an earthen bank that still stands to a height of 1.4 metres and is faced with stone on its interior side.

This is a rath, one of the thousands of ringforts scattered across Ireland, most of them dating to the early medieval period, roughly between the sixth and tenth centuries. A rath is essentially a farmstead enclosed by one or more earthen banks, the stone-facing here suggesting a builder who wanted durability on the inner face, perhaps to retain soil or to create a more solid working surface along the bank's interior. Two gaps in the bank survive: a narrow one to the north-north-east, just 0.6 metres wide, and a broader opening to the south-west at 1.3 metres. These almost certainly represent original or very early entrances rather than later breaks, with the south-west gap wide enough to have admitted people and animals. The slightly asymmetrical shape of the enclosure, 24 metres on the north-east to south-west axis against 21 metres north-west to south-east, is typical of the form; these enclosures were rarely perfect circles, built as they were by hand to suit the specific contours of a slope.

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