Ringfort (Rath), Kill Saint Anne, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Kill Saint Anne, Co. Cork

Most ringforts survive as raised, earthen circles that interrupt a field's surface with enough drama to catch the eye from a distance.

This one, on a south-west-facing slope at Kill Saint Anne in County Cork, has been almost entirely levelled, reduced to the faintest suggestion of what it once was. What remains is a circular area measuring thirty-four metres across in both directions, marked by a low rise that stands only about forty centimetres above the interior ground level and sixty centimetres above the exterior. It is the kind of site that asks something of a visitor's imagination.

A rath, to give it its Irish name, is an enclosed settlement of the early medieval period, typically formed by one or more earthen banks with accompanying ditches, enclosing a homestead or farmstead. Thousands survive across Ireland in varying states of preservation, and their distribution tells us a great deal about how the landscape was settled and farmed between roughly the fifth and twelfth centuries. At Kill Saint Anne, the earthwork has been worn down considerably, probably through centuries of agricultural use, though one feature hints at something older still. An earthen field fence running from west-north-west to north-north-east, standing around 1.2 metres high, may actually preserve a portion of the ringfort's original bank, absorbed into the later field boundary rather than removed. It is a common enough fate for such structures, their material quietly repurposed by successive generations of farmers who may or may not have known what they were working with.

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