Ringfort (Rath), Killaree, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Killaree, Co. Cork

Something is slightly off about the geometry of this ringfort in Killaree, and that small discrepancy turns out to be one of its more telling details.

The enclosure, roughly 28 metres north to south and 27.4 metres east to west, sits on a gentle north-west-facing slope in pasture land, and for the most part it looks like a fairly typical rath, the local term for a ringfort built from earth rather than stone. These were the enclosed farmsteads of early medieval Ireland, home to a single family and their livestock, defined by a circular bank and a surrounding ditch. But on its north-eastern side, the bank appears to run straight rather than curving, giving that arc of the enclosure a flattened, almost angular quality. Ordnance Survey maps from 1842, 1905, and 1936 all record the shape as oval rather than circular, suggesting this irregularity is not a recent distortion.

The earthen bank still stands to an internal height of around 1.55 metres, with an external fosse, or ditch, that reaches roughly 1.1 metres deep. A causeway survives at the entrance on the south-south-east side, where a gap of just over four metres would once have allowed passage into the enclosure. The fosse has been deepened and become waterlogged along the south-east to north-east stretch, which hints at drainage or land management interventions over the years. More visibly damaging, the top portion of the bank along the south-south-west to east-north-east arc has been removed by machinery, with the spoil dumped back into the interior of the fort. It is a familiar story for Irish ringforts: a structure that survived a thousand or more years of agriculture was partially undone within living memory by the same pressure that preserved it, the working of the land.

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