Ringfort (Rath), Killeen, Co. Kilkenny

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Killeen, Co. Kilkenny

What survives at Killeen is only part of a ringfort, and even calling it a ringfort requires a degree of charity.

When an inspector visited in November 1955, what they found was something closer to a raised platform than the classic circular earthwork that most people associate with early medieval Ireland. The bank, still standing to about 1.2 metres on the western side and 1.8 metres on the southern, does not actually rise above the level of the interior, which gives the whole structure an oddly flattened character. There is no sign of a ditch, which is usually the feature that makes a ringfort, or rath, intelligible as a defended enclosure; the bank would have been thrown up from the material dug out of the surrounding ditch, so the absence of one here is conspicuous.

The site appears on the first edition Ordnance Survey six-inch map of 1839 and again on the 1900 revision, both marking a circular enclosure of roughly 33 metres in diameter on a south-facing slope. By the time of the 1955 inspection, the monument had already suffered considerably. The northern side had been cut away by a road, and the eastern portion had been absorbed into the boundary of an adjoining farmyard, its bank repurposed as a field wall. The sloping ground accounts for the variation in the surviving bank height; the southern side simply sits lower on the hillside, so more of the original earthwork remains visible there. What was once a self-contained circular enclosure, probably dating from the early medieval period when thousands of similar raths were built across Ireland as farmsteads for single family groups, had been quietly dismembered by the ordinary pressures of rural land use over the course of centuries.

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