Ringfort (Rath), Kilmona, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Kilmona, Co. Cork

On a north-facing slope in Kilmona, a roughly circular earthwork sits quietly in pasture, its origins stretching back well over a thousand years.

It is a rath, the Irish term for a ringfort, the most common type of early medieval settlement monument in the country. These enclosures, typically dating from roughly the sixth to the twelfth centuries, were the farmsteads of their time, defined by one or more banks and ditches that enclosed a family's dwelling and perhaps their livestock. This one measures approximately 34 metres east to west and 33 metres north to south, making it a fairly typical example in terms of scale, though what gives it a particular quiet interest is how much of its original fabric has been quietly absorbed into later agricultural use.

The defining feature is an earthen bank that still stands up to 2.1 metres high in places, which is a reasonable height of survival for a monument that has been farmed around for centuries. An external fosse, the term for the ditch dug to throw up the bank material, survives along the south-eastern to south-western arc, though only to a depth of around half a metre. Faint traces of a similar fosse appear to the north-east and east, suggesting the enclosure was once more fully ringed. There are two breaks in the bank, one to the south-west at roughly two metres wide and a wider one to the west at four metres, likely original entrance points or later breaches. The southern bank, stone-faced on its interior side, has been incorporated into the field boundary system, and stone appears to have been quarried from the interior surface just inside it at some point. That detail speaks to a long and practical relationship between the monument and the working landscape around it, the site slowly cannibalized for materials while never quite disappearing.

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