Ringfort (Rath), Knockacullen, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Knockacullen, Co. Cork

A shallow depression on the northern edge of a ploughed field is not the most obvious thing to stop and examine, yet at Knockacullen in County Cork it marks the surviving trace of an enclosure that was already old when the first Ordnance Survey teams came through in 1842.

What they recorded on their six-inch map was a circular earthwork roughly 48 metres in diameter, the kind of enclosure commonly called a rath or ringfort, a type of enclosed farmstead built throughout Ireland during the early medieval period, broadly between the fifth and twelfth centuries.

The 1842 map shows the enclosure clearly, but the landscape has not been kind to it in the intervening years. The site now sits in tillage, and repeated ploughing has done what centuries of slow erosion could not quite finish. The raised interior is still faintly perceptible, and the external fosse, a defensive ditch that would once have ringed the bank, survives on the northern side as a gentle hollow in the ground. A scatter of stone across the interior surface is thought to be the remnant of the enclosing bank itself, spread and flattened by agricultural work over time. It is a common fate for low-lying ringforts in fertile ground; the same soil that drew early medieval farmers to build here has kept drawing their successors to plough it flat.

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