Ringfort (Rath), Lisdangan, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Lisdangan, Co. Cork

Most ringforts, the circular enclosed farmsteads that dot the Irish countryside in their thousands, make do with a single earthen bank and ditch.

The one at Lisdangan, sitting in pasture on the edge of a glen in north Cork, went considerably further. Three concentric earthen banks survive here, separated by two fosses, with traces of a fourth outer fosse still visible to the south and south-east. A ringfort with multiple enclosures is sometimes called a multivallate rath, and the extra effort involved in its construction is generally taken to indicate a household of some status, whether a prosperous farmer or a minor local lord in the early medieval period.

The earthworks at Lisdangan are carefully measured and still largely legible. The innermost bank stands nearly four metres high on its exterior face, which is a considerable presence in a field. The middle bank has been levelled along part of its northern arc, and there are breaks in several of the rings that probably represent original entranceways, including a possible entrance roughly two metres wide facing north-east. What makes the siting particularly deliberate is the way the eastern defences are partly built onto the steep slope of the adjoining glen, using the natural drop in the land as part of the defensive arrangement. Inside the enclosure, the ground slopes down toward the east-south-east, and a small rectangular hut site, roughly six by four metres, survives tucked against the inner bank. That modest outline in the turf is about as close as you can get to the domestic interior of early medieval Irish life.

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