Ringfort (Rath), Lissaphooca, Co. Cork
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Ringforts
Sitting in pasture on a north-facing slope in Lissaphooca, this rath, as ringforts of earthen construction are commonly called, has been quietly accumulating layers of human activity for well over a thousand years.
What makes it worth attention is not simply its age but its complexity: a roughly circular enclosure, measuring approximately 57 metres north to south and 52 metres east to west, ringed by an inner earthen bank and an outer fosse, which is a defensive ditch, with a second outer bank still standing to a height of 1.2 metres along its south-eastern to western arc and stone-faced in parts. Three gaps break the inner bank, at the north-north-east, east-south-east, and west, and it is never entirely clear with sites like this whether such openings are original entrances or later breaches.
The interior tells a more complicated story than the banks alone suggest. Cultivation ridges, the raised parallel furrows left by spade or plough tillage, run across the interior on an east-west axis, indicating that at some point after the ringfort's primary use the enclosed ground was turned over to farming. More striking still is the presence of a souterrain in the north-east quadrant. Souterrains are dry-stone underground passages or chambers, typically built during the early medieval period and associated with ringfort settlements; they are thought to have served as storage spaces, places of refuge, or both. Their construction required considerable effort, which suggests the site was occupied and maintained by a community with both the resources and the reason to build one. The outer bank's stone-facing, surviving along part of its circuit, points to deliberate reinforcement at some stage, though whether this was contemporary with the souterrain or later is difficult to say without excavation.