Ringfort (Rath), Loughane More, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Loughane More, Co. Cork

On the lower southern slopes of Lackacroghan hill in West Cork, a roughly circular earthwork sits in open pasture with wide views stretching over the mouth of Bantry Bay.

What makes this particular rath quietly compelling is not just the earthwork itself but what has accumulated inside it over the centuries: a children's burial ground occupies the level interior, a pairing that is far from unique in Ireland but never loses its capacity to unsettle. Rathmounds of this type, known as raths or ringforts, were enclosed farmsteads of the early medieval period, typically dating from around the fifth to the twelfth century. The enclosing bank and its accompanying fosse, a defensive ditch dug around the outside, would have protected a household and its livestock. Here the bank measures roughly 45 metres across, with the external height reaching nearly four metres down to the base of the fosse on its better-preserved southern and western arc.

The site carries the usual signs of a long working relationship with the farming land around it. Several cattle-breaks have been punched through the bank, and the northern arc is noticeably lower and more worn than the rest. The fosse itself has been pressed into practical service as a farm road, and where that road runs, the outer face of the bank has been cut back to a near-vertical edge, giving one section an almost engineered appearance that sits oddly against the otherwise gradual earthen profile. A stone field wall has been inserted into the outer base of the bank along the south-eastern arc, and a farm building now abuts the bank on the northern side. At the western end, a short stretch of the fosse appears to have been cut through brittle shale-type rock, exposed on both sides to a height of nearly two metres, though whether this work is ancient or more recent is unclear. The children's burial ground in the interior, known in Irish tradition as a cillín, would have served as a resting place for unbaptised infants, who were excluded from consecrated ground under Catholic practice and were often interred instead at liminal spots: old earthworks, boundaries, the margins between the settled and the unconsecrated.

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