Ringfort (Rath), Loughane More, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Loughane More, Co. Cork

In the grazing land of Loughane More, a nearly circular earthwork sits quietly on a south-facing slope, its banks still rising to a height of 3.5 metres after perhaps fifteen centuries of weathering and field use.

What makes it worth a second look is the detail of its construction: the enclosing bank is not purely earth but has an internal stone facing, and along its north-east to east arc, stone walling takes over from the earthen bank altogether. This mixture of techniques, earthwork and masonry working in combination, is a reminder that these sites were built and modified by people who used whatever materials lay closest to hand.

The fort belongs to the broad category of ringforts, known in Irish as raths when they are primarily earthen in construction. These were the most common form of enclosed farmstead in early medieval Ireland, built roughly between the fifth and twelfth centuries as a combination of homestead and livestock enclosure. A family of some local standing would have lived within the bank, which served less as a military fortification than as a boundary marker and a deterrent against cattle raiders. The example at Loughane More measures 22.3 metres north to south and 22.2 metres east to west, making it a fairly modest specimen. A gap in the bank to the north likely marks the original entrance. More striking is the presence of a souterrain at the centre of the enclosure. A souterrain is an underground stone-lined passage or chamber, usually associated with ringforts, and thought to have served as a place of refuge, a cool store for dairy produce, or both. The Loughane More example is recorded separately and sits at the heart of the enclosure, suggesting the site was a functioning settlement of some complexity rather than a simple boundary ring.

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