Ringfort (Rath), Moyge, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Moyge, Co. Cork

Sitting quietly in pasture on an east-facing slope in North Cork, this earthwork enclosure is easy to overlook from a distance, but its details reward a closer look.

The rath, as this type of ringfort is known when built from earth rather than stone, forms a near-perfect circle roughly 36 metres across. An earthen bank still survives to a height of around a metre on its inner face, slightly more on the outer, and a fosse, the external ditch that once made the whole structure considerably more formidable, runs around the outside to a depth of 0.7 metres. Where the bank and ditch break to the east, a causewayed entrance just two metres wide marks the original threshold into the enclosed space.

Ringforts were the most common form of rural settlement in early medieval Ireland, broadly from the fifth to the twelfth century, and several thousand are estimated to have survived in some form across the country. Most enclosed a farmstead and perhaps a few outbuildings, with the bank and ditch providing a degree of security for livestock and household alike. What gives this particular example additional interest is the souterrain recorded in its south-western quadrant. A souterrain is an underground passage or chamber, typically stone-lined, built beneath or adjacent to a ringfort and used variously for storage, refuge, or both. They are found at many ringfort sites but are far from universal, and their presence here suggests a settlement of some substance. Around 130 metres to the south-south-east, a possible second enclosure has also been identified, hinting that the immediate landscape may once have held more activity than the single rath alone implies.

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