Ringfort (Rath), Nicholastown, Co. Tipperary
Co. Tipperary |
Ringforts
A concrete farm building pressed up against an ancient earthwork is not an unusual sight in rural Ireland, but it does crystallise something particular about how the past and the working landscape coexist.
At Nicholastown in County Tipperary, a ringfort sits on a south-westerly facing slope below the crest of a low hill, partially fenced off, its interior choked with nettles and its banks buried under decades of vegetation. A ringfort, or rath, is a roughly circular enclosure defined by earthen banks and ditches, constructed mostly during the early medieval period and used as a farmstead or defended homestead. This one measures roughly 27.6 metres east to west and around 34 metres north to south, making it a modest but reasonably typical example of the type.
The earthworks here are not dramatic by any measure. The internal bank barely rises a quarter of a metre above the interior ground level, though the external face reaches between one and a half and nearly two metres, a discrepancy partly explained by an old gravel pit immediately to the south-west. The pit, already noted during an Office of Public Works site inspection in May 1957, has since become heavily overgrown, but it artificially inflates the apparent height of the bank on that side. A fosse, the defensive ditch that would originally have ringed the enclosure, survives only in the western sector, roughly two metres wide and just over a metre deep. An outer bank beyond it, about six metres across at its base, adds a further layer to the defensive arrangement. In the eastern quadrant, a break in the bank of at least two metres may be the original entrance, though it appears to have been widened at some point, probably for agricultural use. The 1957 inspection noted that cattle had good access to the site. An excavation carried out in 1998 in an area approximately thirty metres to the south-west found no archaeological remains.
About five hundred metres to the north-east, the Nicholastown tower house is clearly visible from the ringfort's slope, a reminder that this unassuming corner of Tipperary has been continuously settled and worked across very different periods of Irish history. A townland boundary runs north-west to south-east past the south-western quadrant of the enclosure, one of those quiet administrative lines that often follows much older features in the landscape.