Ringfort (Rath), Pallas, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Pallas, Co. Cork

Most ringforts announce themselves clearly in the Irish countryside, their circular earthworks rising visibly from fields and pasture.

The one at Pallas in County Cork does almost the opposite. Largely levelled by centuries of agricultural activity, it now reveals itself mainly as a faint pale band in ploughed soil, roughly two metres wide, curving across a hillside that has long been given over to tillage. Only an arc of earthen bank, planted with trees, survives with any real height on the eastern to west-north-western side, and even that rises barely a metre and a half on its outer face.

A ringfort, sometimes called a rath, was a circular enclosure defined by one or more earthen banks and ditches, used as a farmstead and homestead during the early medieval period in Ireland. They are extraordinarily common across the island, though many, like this one, have been worn down or deliberately cleared over the centuries. This particular enclosure was clear enough on the Ordnance Survey six-inch map of 1842, where it appears as a hachured circle, and again on the 1905 revision, with a diameter of around 35 metres. The interior, which measures roughly 38 metres north to south and 32 metres east to west, remains slightly raised above the surrounding ground, with mature trees planted in the south-western quadrant. A researcher named Bowman, writing in 1934, recorded what is very likely the same site on land belonging to a John Horgan, noting that it was being used as an orchard at that time, with a modern fence having replaced whatever original boundary once defined its edge. The southern portion of the surviving bank shows signs of interference, appearing unnaturally straight where it might once have curved.

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