Ringfort (Rath), Peafield, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Peafield, Co. Cork

On a west-facing slope at Peafield in County Cork, a quiet oval rise in a pasture field is about all that remains of what was once a bivallate ringfort, meaning a defended circular or oval enclosure ringed by two concentric earthen banks and ditches.

The outer banks are long gone, levelled by centuries of farming, but the platform itself persists as an elongated oval roughly 45 metres north to south and 62 metres east to west, its edge still defined by a scarp dropping about one and a half metres. A stream that rises just outside the southern side curves around to the west, which may well have been one reason the original builders chose this particular spot.

Ringforts of this kind, known in Irish as raths, were the most common form of rural settlement in early medieval Ireland, typically dating from around the sixth to the twelfth century. A bivallate example, with two encircling earthworks rather than one, would have indicated a household of some local standing, the extra ring adding both defence and a degree of social display. At Peafield, the 1842 Ordnance Survey six-inch map still recorded the earthwork as a hachured bivallate enclosure, meaning the cartographers of the time could see the double ring clearly enough to render it in the standard notation for raised ground. By the time the antiquarian Power noted the site in 1923, referencing it in his survey of the area, the earthworks were presumably still visible enough to identify. Sometime in the decades that followed, the banks were cleared and the ditches filled, a fate that befell an enormous proportion of Ireland's ringforts during the twentieth century as agricultural land was improved and machinery made levelling straightforward.

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