Ringfort (Rath), Rathdrum, Co. Cork
Co. Cork |
Ringforts
What looks, at first glance, like an ordinary arrangement of field boundaries on a north-facing slope near Rathdrum in County Cork is, on closer inspection, the surviving skeleton of an early medieval ringfort.
The giveaway is in the geometry: earthen banks curving with a purpose that modern field divisions rarely share, their arcs too deliberate, their spacing too considered, to be anything other than ancient. The centre of the site has been levelled over time, and the banks to the east and west have been absorbed into the surrounding field fence system, so the whole thing is easy to misread from a distance.
A rath, as this type of enclosure is properly called, is a roughly circular earthwork enclosed by one or more banks and ditches, known as fosses, typically constructed during the early medieval period in Ireland. They served as farmsteads, providing a defined and defensible boundary around a dwelling and its associated outbuildings. This example at Rathdrum measures approximately 37.5 metres east to west, which places it within the middling range for such sites. What is particularly readable here, despite the degradation, is the layered defensive logic: from the south-south-west around to the north-west, there is an inner bank rising to about a metre, followed by an intervening fosse, then an outer bank of roughly 0.8 metres, and beyond that a further outer fosse some 0.6 metres deep. The south-east arc is defined by a single curving bank of the same height. To the south, where the ground was cut into the hillslope itself to create a level interior, a low inward-facing scarp remains. The site commands a broad view from west-south-west to east-south-east, which would have been as useful to an early farmer monitoring livestock and movement across the landscape as it is to anyone standing there today.