Ringfort (Rath), Scart, Co. Cork
Co. Cork |
Ringforts
On a gently sloping field in north Cork, the land rises almost imperceptibly to form a near-perfect circle.
To a passing eye it reads as little more than a slight swelling in the pasture, but the dimensions are precise enough to be deliberate: roughly 34 metres east to west, 33 metres north to south, enclosed by a combination of earthen bank and scarp.
This is a rath, a type of ringfort that would have served as a farmstead enclosure during the early medieval period in Ireland, roughly between the fifth and twelfth centuries. Thousands of them survive across the country in various states of preservation, their circular banks and ditches originally marking out a protected domestic space for a family and their livestock. At Scart, the enclosure survives partly as an earthen bank, standing to an external height of around 1.3 metres, and partly as a scarp, a cut or eroded face in the ground rather than a built-up mound, running around the north-east to south-west arc. An external fosse, a defensive ditch, runs along the southern side, though at a depth of just 0.25 metres it is considerably reduced from whatever its original profile may have been. The internal bank is low throughout. Field clearance material, the stones and debris turned up by generations of farming, has been dumped against the eastern scarp, and the bank itself is overgrown, further softening the already subtle outline.