Ringfort (Rath), Somerset, Co. Galway

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Somerset, Co. Galway

What makes this site in Somerset, County Galway genuinely interesting is not what survives but what remains ambiguous.

Two enclosures appear to have once stood here, side by side, yet whether they formed a single compound settlement or were two separate ringforts that happened to share a boundary is a question the ground cannot yet answer.

A rath is a ringfort, the kind of circular enclosed homestead that was the standard unit of rural settlement in early medieval Ireland, typically defended by one or more earthen banks with a fosse, or ditch, between them. The Somerset example sits on a gentle rise in level grassland and was recorded on the first and later the 1946 to 1947 editions of the Ordnance Survey six-inch maps as a subcircular enclosure with a second possible enclosure adjoining it to the north. The southern enclosure is the better preserved of the two: a roughly circular rath some 27.8 metres in diameter, defined by an inner bank and an outer bank with a fosse between them. The inner bank is traceable all the way around, while the fosse and outer bank are only legible from the west to the northwest. Two gaps, one to the east and one to the west, might be original entrances, though erosion and time make certainty impossible. The northern enclosure is more elusive. A bank runs from south-southeast to south-southwest, but beyond that there is no visible trace at the surface. It may have been an annexe to the main rath, a functional outwork used for sheltering livestock or storing goods, or it could be the remnant of a separate but conjoined rath altogether. The Galway Archaeological Survey, working out of University College Galway, recorded the site but was unable to resolve the question.

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