Ringfort (Rath), St. Johnstown, Co. Tipperary

Co. Tipperary |

Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), St. Johnstown, Co. Tipperary

Most ringforts sit on high, commanding ground where their builders could survey the surrounding land.

This one, near St. Johnstown in County Tipperary, breaks that pattern. It occupies a steep west-facing slope in what is now disused, ungrazed pasture, its interior tilting sharply downhill rather than presenting the kind of level, defensible platform more commonly associated with these early medieval enclosures.

A ringfort, or rath, is a roughly circular enclosure defined by one or more earthen banks and ditches, and typically dates to the early medieval period in Ireland, broadly the sixth to tenth centuries. They served primarily as farmsteads, protecting a family's dwelling and livestock rather than functioning as military fortifications in any strict sense. This example is oval rather than perfectly round, measuring approximately 43 metres north to south and 40 metres east to west. What makes it particularly notable is that it is bivallate, meaning it has two concentric banks rather than one. The inner bank stands around two metres high on its outer face, and the substantial outer bank, a little taller, is separated from it by a wide, flat-bottomed ditch nearly one and a half metres deep. A stream enters the enclosure from the east, which may have been a practical consideration for whoever chose this sloping site. A possible entrance, roughly four metres wide, is visible in the north-west sector of the inner bank.

The site has been left to its own devices for some time. Dense vegetation obscures much of the perimeter and the inner bank, and the outer ditch is largely choked with growth across the north-west to south-west arc. A field boundary cuts across the western side of the outer ditch, truncating it. Visitors willing to pick through the undergrowth will find the earthworks themselves are well preserved beneath the scrub, with the double-bank and ditch arrangement still legible on the ground even where it cannot easily be seen.

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