Ringfort (Rath), Teerelton, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Teerelton, Co. Cork

A circular earthwork roughly twenty-five metres across once occupied a break in a south-west-facing slope at Teerelton in mid Cork, its banks enclosing the kind of fortified farmstead that once dotted this landscape in their thousands.

Today the banks are gone, levelled at some point after the site was carefully recorded on the Ordnance Survey six-inch maps of both 1842 and 1904, where it appears as a hachured circle, the cartographic shorthand of the period for a raised enclosure. What remains is a level platform defined on its downhill, south-western side by a low scarp, the faint ghost of a boundary that once mattered considerably to whoever lived within it.

Ringforts, known in Irish as raths when they were earthen in construction, were the dominant settlement form of early medieval Ireland, typically dating from roughly the fifth to the twelfth centuries. They served as enclosed farmsteads, the bank and ditch providing a degree of security for a farming family and their livestock rather than any serious military defence. The Teerelton example was modest in scale, its twenty-five-metre diameter placing it at the smaller end of the spectrum. More intriguing is the souterrain recorded approximately fifty metres to its east-south-east. A souterrain is an underground stone-lined passage or chamber, usually associated with a nearby ringfort and thought to have served for storage, refuge, or both. Whether that underground feature was originally accessed from within the Teerelton enclosure is impossible to say with certainty, but the proximity is suggestive, and souterrains without their parent forts are a reasonably common consequence of centuries of agricultural clearance.

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