Ringfort (Rath), Tullatreada, Co. Cork
Co. Cork |
Ringforts
Some of the most revealing things about a landscape are the absences.
In a field of pasture on a south-facing slope in Tullatreada, County Cork, there is a ringfort that is no longer there, and has not been for some time. No earthwork survives, no bank, no trace visible at ground level. What remains is cartographic: a hachured oval on a nineteenth-century map, the kind of schematic mark that once indicated a raised enclosure roughly forty metres north to south and twenty-eight metres east to west.
Ringforts, also called raths, are the most common archaeological monument type in Ireland. They were typically enclosed farmsteads of the early medieval period, defined by one or more earthen banks and ditches, and their circular or oval forms are still recognisable across thousands of Irish fields. This one was recorded on the Ordnance Survey six-inch map of 1842, where it appears as a hachured oval enclosure. By the time the 1904 and 1938 editions of the same map were produced, the site had acquired a name: Killeen Fort. The word killeen in an Irish context usually refers to a small burial ground, often an unconsecrated one used for unbaptised infants, which suggests there may have been associated funerary use at or near the site, though the maps offer no further detail. By the twentieth century, the monument had already been levelled, surviving only as a named location on successive surveys, the name itself eventually marking nothing but open ground.