Ringfort (Rath), Vicarstown, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Vicarstown, Co. Cork

On a south-west-facing slope at Vicarstown in County Cork, a ringfort has been slowly absorbed by the working landscape around it.

Ringforts, known in Irish as raths, were enclosed farmsteads typically dating from the early medieval period, built with earthen banks and ditches to define a domestic space and perhaps protect livestock. This one measured roughly 38 metres in diameter, and its outline was clear enough to be mapped on the Ordnance Survey six-inch sheets of 1842, 1904, and 1937, each showing the characteristic hachured circle of a circular enclosure, along with an external fosse to the north and east, and an entrance to the north-west.

By the time P. J. Hartnett visited in 1939 and recorded his observations, the site was already in a compromised state. He noted a double rampart still surviving to the east and south-east, but elsewhere the banks had, in his words, been "smoothed out as a result of tillage within the fort," with the entrance by then on the western side. The decades since have continued that process of attrition. What survives today is a worn earthen bank reaching roughly one metre in height, no longer functioning as any kind of enclosure but folded into the field fence system running from north-north-east to south-east. The fosse and the clear circular plan visible to earlier surveyors are largely gone, the rath now indistinguishable at a glance from the ordinary boundaries of an Irish pastoral field.

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