Road - class 1 togher, Inchirourke, Co. Tipperary
Co. Tipperary |
Roads & Tracks
Beneath the cut surface of Baunmore Bog, on the Tipperary side of the Kilkenny border, a wooden road has been lying in the dark for centuries.
A togher, to use the Irish term, is an ancient trackway built from timber and laid across bogland to allow people and animals to cross terrain that would otherwise have been impassable. This particular example stretches for 690 metres across the south-eastern extent of Baunmore Bog, running on a north-east to south-west axis, and it does not stop at the county boundary. It continues into Islands townland in Co. Kilkenny, which gives it a quietly defiant quality; the bog, and the route through it, paid no attention to administrative lines drawn long after the timber was laid.
The structure was recorded forty-six times across its traced length, and the engineering visible in those observations is methodical. Longitudinal planks run along the direction of travel, supported by transverse planks laid across them, and the whole assembly rests on a substructure of roundwood timbers and brushwood. Roundwood, in this context, simply means timber used roughly in its natural cylindrical form rather than sawn into planks. Forty-two wooden pegs were identified holding elements of the trackway in place. The dimensions recorded suggest considerable variation in the timber used, from small pegs barely two centimetres across to longitudinal planks over four metres long, which is consistent with the opportunistic sourcing of materials that characterises many Irish toghers. The surrounding peat is described as moderate to well-humified, containing sphagnum moss, heather, and cottongrass, the slow-growing plant communities typical of a raised bog environment. At the time of recording, the bog was actively being milled for peat, a process that brings such buried structures to light but also, steadily, destroys them.
