Road - class 1 togher, Leigh, Co. Tipperary

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Roads & Tracks

Road – class 1 togher, Leigh, Co. Tipperary

Beneath the cutaway bogland of Littleton Bog in County Tipperary, a road has been lying in the dark for roughly three thousand years.

A togher, as such structures are known in Irish archaeology, is a timber trackway built across boggy or waterlogged ground, and the one at Leigh is an unusually well-engineered example: three metres wide, traced for a length of 593 metres, and constructed from oak planks laid transversely across parallel runners of oak, cherry, blackthorn, and probably alder. The planks were not simply stacked; square holes cut into their ends accommodated 50-centimetre pegs of ash and willow-poplar, locking the whole assembly into place. It is the kind of detail that suggests not just practical necessity but a considered approach to a recurring problem, the crossing of ground that could swallow a cart or a person whole.

The togher was discovered in 1960 and first documented by Rynne in 1965, oriented on a southwest-to-northeast axis across the flat bog. When the Irish Archaeological Wetland Unit from UCD inspected the site in 1995, they found it was being actively destroyed by peat milling, and also identified several further toghers in the immediate vicinity, ranging from narrow brushwood-and-roundwood paths less than a metre wide to one substantial example nearly six metres across. A 2006 survey by Archaeological Development Services dated the main trackway in the neighbouring townland of Longfordpass South to between 1190 and 900 BC, placing it firmly in the Late Bronze Age. That survey also noted that three of the trackways recorded in the 1960s and again in 1995 could no longer be re-identified, suggesting ongoing loss. The bog as a whole has yielded a remarkable collection of objects over the years: five bronze swords, leather shoes, wooden objects, bog butter containers, a leather and wooden shield, and a bronze spearhead, most found as stray discoveries across the surrounding townlands. One of those swords, a leaf-shaped Late Bronze Age blade, was found in 1990 by a Bord na Móna worker, lodged between the planks of the exposed trackway itself. Whether it was deposited deliberately or simply lost in transit across the bog is a question the peat has not answered.

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