Road - class 1 togher, Longfordpass, Co. Tipperary
Co. Tipperary |
Roads & Tracks
Beneath the cutaway peat of Littleton Bog in County Tipperary, a road built nearly two thousand years ago still holds its form.
It is a togher, the Irish term for a bog road or trackway, constructed by laying timber across waterlogged ground to create a passable surface. Most people who have driven through this part of Tipperary would have no reason to suspect that anything of the sort lay beneath their feet, yet a survey conducted in 2006 found the remains of a substantial example running northwest to southeast across the northern end of the bog.
The togher was recorded by Archaeological Development Services during a peatland survey, and later dated to between AD 130 and 420, placing its construction and use somewhere in the late Iron Age or early medieval period in Ireland. It measured up to eleven metres wide in places and extended over approximately one hundred metres in length, suggesting a seriously engineered crossing rather than a makeshift path. The construction technique was methodical: regularly laid transverse roundwoods, meaning timber poles placed crosswise to the direction of travel, with occasional brushwood woven in to fill the gaps. The western end proved the most substantial in terms of its surviving structure, while elsewhere along the route the surviving elements were fewer. At the northwest end, eight closely spaced roundwoods were visible in a drain face and on the field surface, though their upper surfaces had been damaged by machinery at some point after peat extraction began. The wood itself was described as moderately preserved, a reminder of how peat, with its low oxygen content, can protect organic material for centuries even as it slowly surrenders it to drainage and cutting.

