Road - class 1 togher, Tullowmacjames, Co. Tipperary

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Roads & Tracks

Road – class 1 togher, Tullowmacjames, Co. Tipperary

Buried in a Tipperary bog at Tullowmacjames is a road that predates the Iron Age by several centuries, laid down by people who needed to cross wet, unstable ground and solved the problem with timber, brushwood, and wooden pegs.

This kind of structure is known as a togher, the Irish word for a bog road or trackway, and the one recorded here represents a remarkably early piece of organised landscape engineering.

A peatland survey carried out in 2006 by Archaeological Development Services uncovered the remains of what is classified as a transverse plank trackway, meaning planks were laid crosswise across the line of travel, supported underneath by longitudinally placed brushwood and roundwood. The structure measured 63 metres in length, though its width varied considerably, from roughly 28 centimetres to over 3.6 metres, suggesting either variation in the original construction or differential preservation across the site. The whole thing sat at a depth of only 12 centimetres beneath the surface. A radiocarbon date placed its construction at around 1033 BC, give or take nine years. What makes this site particularly interesting is its possible relationship to nearby features: the surveyor suggested it may represent the western end of a larger, connected trackway system, with a separate recorded section to the east potentially forming part of the same original road. That eastern section was dated by dendrochronology, the technique of dating timber by analysing tree-ring patterns, to somewhere between 1190 and 820 BC, broadly consistent with the radiocarbon result from this western end. The combined picture, if the interpretation holds, is of a substantial Bronze Age causeway crossing this part of the bog, of which only fragments now survive. Part of the area where the full site might once have been traced is no longer accessible to investigation, having become heavily overgrown.

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