Road - class 2 togher, Longfordpass, Co. Tipperary
Co. Tipperary |
Roads & Tracks
Beneath a field on the northern edge of Littleton Bog in County Tipperary, a road built before Julius Caesar was born still lies largely intact.
It is a togher, the Irish term for a timber trackway constructed across bogland, and the fact that it has survived at all is down to the preserving chemistry of the peat that surrounds it. Most of it remains below the field surface, visible only where drainage work has cut through the bog and exposed cross-sections of ancient timber in the drain faces.When surveyors examined the site in 2006, they recorded a structure between 3.3 and 5.7 metres wide and roughly 35 metres in length, with a depth of around 20 centimetres. It had been dated to somewhere between 360 BC and 50 AD, a span that takes in the late Iron Age and reaches into the early centuries of the common era. The construction method was precise and deliberate: roundwood and brushwood were laid transversely, that is, across the direction of travel, and supported beneath by similar timbers running lengthwise. This combination of cross-laid and longitudinal elements is characteristic of a Class 2 togher, a more engineered form of bog road than simple brushwood bundling. Whitaker, writing in 2006, noted that the togher ran on a northwest to southeast orientation and sat within an area of notably high archaeological site density, suggesting this was no casual crossing but part of a landscape that saw sustained human activity across many centuries. At one of the three recorded sightings, the longitudinal supports were not visible, likely because machinery had cut through the togher at an oblique angle rather than straight across.What makes the Longfordpass togher quietly remarkable is precisely its ordinariness within its own time. It was a working road, built to carry people and perhaps livestock across ground that would otherwise have been impassable. The timber exposed at the field surface is a reminder that the bog continues to give up what it has held, slowly and only under pressure.
