Road - class 2 togher, Rathgarrett, Co. Westmeath

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Roads & Tracks

Road – class 2 togher, Rathgarrett, Co. Westmeath

Buried beneath the worked-out peatlands of Toar Bog in County Westmeath, a prehistoric road was hiding in plain sight, visible only where modern drainage channels cut through the bog face.

Spotted at six separate points across ten production fields, it ran on a rough north-north-west to south-south-east alignment, and what made it immediately unusual was its complexity: not a simple trackway of laid branches but a carefully engineered construction of planks, brushwood, gravel, and pegs that had clearly been built, repaired, and rebuilt across centuries.

The road is a togher, the Irish term for a bog road or trackway, typically built to allow movement across otherwise impassable wetland. This particular example falls into a class associated with substantial plank and gravel construction, and excavations carried out under licence 14E0294 revealed just how elaborate that construction was. At the first cutting, the upper surface mixed split oak, ash, and elm planks with hazel brushwood and fine sandy gravel. Below that sat a more ordered layer of split timbers alongside alder and holly brushwood, small stones, and more than fifty carefully worked pegs, most of them split oak with shaped, concave-faceted ends driven through mortice holes in the timbers above. The second cutting exposed four distinct layers, the uppermost containing alder roundwood, oak planks, and peaty gravel, the lower layers built from transversely laid oak timbers with their own mortice holes and roundwood pegs. A slot trench along the drain edge added further detail, including a final dense layer of pegs that appear to have defined the outer edges of the road surface. Radiocarbon dating on fragments of ash and alder returned dates ranging from the Bronze Age into the Iron Age, suggesting the structure was not built once and abandoned but returned to and reworked over a very long period. The bog itself, composed of Sphagnum peat at varying stages of decomposition, preserved all of this in extraordinary condition, including the mortice holes with their original pegs still seated inside them.

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