Road - class 3 togher, Killavally, Co. Westmeath

Co. Westmeath |

Roads & Tracks

Road – class 3 togher, Killavally, Co. Westmeath

In the industrial peatlands of Toar Bog in County Westmeath, a scattering of ancient brushwood lies exposed on the field surface, most of it broken and machine-damaged, easy to overlook as anything other than debris.

It is, in fact, a togher, a type of wooden trackway built across boggy ground to allow passage through otherwise impassable terrain. This particular example is classified as a class 3 togher, meaning it was constructed from brushwood rather than heavier timber planking, and it represents a form of early engineering that was once widespread across Ireland's midland bogs, even if most examples have long since been lost to peat cutting or decay.

The site was recorded during the 2013 Re-assessment Peatland Survey as a dispersed arrangement of brushwood stretching approximately 10.4 metres along the field surface. What survives is fragmentary. The first part of the sighting consisted of a single brushwood peg with a wedge-shaped, toolmarked end bearing three flat facets, the kind of careful shaping that implies someone worked this piece deliberately, trimming it to be driven into soft ground. The second part comprised four fragmentary brushwood elements, oriented north to south. The surrounding peat is described as poor to moderately humified Sphagnum, a moss-rich bog environment with inclusions of Menyanthes, better known as bogbean, a plant characteristic of wet, acidic ground. To date the structure, a fragment of hazel was submitted for AMS radiocarbon dating, a laboratory technique that measures the decay of carbon isotopes to establish age. The result placed the hazel between approximately 21 BC and 126 AD, situating this modest trackway firmly in the Iron Age or early Roman period, though Ireland itself had no Roman occupation. That someone was moving through this bog with enough regularity to warrant laying a brushwood path, during the same centuries that Roman legions were active elsewhere in Britain, is quietly remarkable.

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