Road - class 3 togher, Montrath, Co. Westmeath
Co. Westmeath |
Roads & Tracks
Beneath the industrial peatlands of Toar Bog in County Westmeath, people were moving.
They needed a path across waterlogged ground, and so they built one from branches, laying brushwood lengthways across the soft surface to create what archaeologists call a togher, a timber trackway designed to carry foot traffic over terrain that would otherwise swallow a person whole. The one found at Montrath is modest in its surviving form, but its age is not: radiocarbon dating places its construction somewhere between 1107 and 923 BC, placing it firmly in the Late Bronze Age.
The trackway came to light during the 2013 Re-assessment Peatland Survey, which recorded it as a longitudinally laid brushwood togher running on a roughly north-north-east to south-south-west orientation, with around ten metres exposed at the field surface. A single cutting was subsequently excavated under licence. What the excavators found was fragmentary; industrial peat extraction had already caused significant damage, and very little peat cover remained to protect the structure. The surviving material consisted of closely placed brushwood elements, mainly ash, hazel and birch, each no longer than 0.9 metres, covering a width of between 0.84 and 2.22 metres. Most ran north to south, in line with the trackway's main axis, with a few placed crossways. Eight worked ends survived, each shaped to a simple chisel point with slightly concave facets, the kind of finish produced by a few deliberate axe strokes rather than any elaborate carpentry. A fragment of ash was selected for AMS dating, a technique that measures the decay of carbon isotopes in organic material to establish age, and it was this piece that returned the Bronze Age date. The togher at Montrath is, in its present state, little more than a scatter of trimmed sticks in a damaged bog. That those sticks were cut and laid by hand more than three thousand years ago, by someone crossing ground that no longer exists in the same form, is what makes them worth recording.
