Road - class 3 togher, Rathgarrett, Co. Westmeath

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Roads & Tracks

Road – class 3 togher, Rathgarrett, Co. Westmeath

Buried less than a metre beneath a field in Toar Bog, County Westmeath, there is a road that nobody knew existed until a digger's cutting broke into the peat and exposed it.

It had been lying there, more or less intact, for roughly three thousand years. A togher is a causeway or trackway built across boggy ground, typically from timber and brushwood, and they appear at various points throughout Irish prehistory as practical solutions to a landscape that was often impassable on foot. This one, classified as a class 3 togher on account of its construction method, had never been recorded before it came to light during archaeological work at a neighbouring site.

The excavation, carried out under licence 14E0294, opened a single cutting into moderate to well-humified Sphagnum peat, the kind of dense, partially decomposed bog material that forms slowly over centuries and preserves organic matter with remarkable fidelity. Radiocarbon dating placed the togher's construction somewhere between 1214 and 980 BC, in the middle to late Bronze Age. It measured 1.35 metres in width and just under ten centimetres in depth, a compact but deliberate piece of engineering. The builders used longitudinal runs of ash and alder, both as brushwood and as roundwood timbers, laying them two to three elements deep and using heavier brushwood along the east and west edges to define and stabilise the margins. Many of the pieces retained their bark, a sign of how well the anaerobic conditions of the bog had slowed their decay over three millennia. The cottongrass fibres, known by the Latin genus Eriophorum, found woven through the peat around it are characteristic of the wet, acidic conditions in which the togher was originally used.

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