Water mill - horizontal-wheeled, Lowesgreen, Co. Tipperary
Co. Tipperary |
Mills
Beneath a quiet field of pasture at Lowesgreen in County Tipperary, there is a watermill that nobody can see.
No stone, no timber, no wheel remains above ground; the site registers as a slight undulation in a floodplain, the kind of gentle ripple in the grass that most walkers would pass without a second thought. Yet below the surface, or at least within living memory, something much older was present.
When drainage works were carried out in the area during the 1960s, wooden remains of a watermill were recovered from beside the stream. The pond that once fed the mill had already been drained by then, and the stream itself had been straightened, erasing the physical conditions that would have made the site legible. A subsequent field inspection recorded the structure as a horizontal water mill chute. Horizontal-wheeled mills, sometimes called tide mills or Norse mills depending on their setting, are among the earliest mill types found in Ireland; rather than the large vertical wheel familiar from later periods, they use a horizontal wheel turned directly by water channelled through a narrow chute or trough, with the millstone mounted above on the same vertical shaft. The simplicity of the design made them widespread in early medieval Ireland, and they have been found preserved in waterlogged conditions at a number of Irish sites. At Lowesgreen, the wooden components appear to have survived in the wet ground beside the stream until they were disturbed by the very works intended to manage that water. The surrounding landscape still holds traces of earlier activity, with field enclosures recorded both to the north-west and to the south-south-west within a few hundred metres.