Ringfort (Rath), An Gráig, Co. Kerry

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), An Gráig, Co. Kerry

At Donaghcoor Fort on the Dingle Peninsula, the past and the practical have been in quiet collision for some time.

A farmyard wall, built in relatively recent memory, runs straight across the southern sector of an early medieval earthwork that had survived, more or less intact, for well over a thousand years. The wall follows the top of the original bank, obliterating the fosse, the outer portion of the bank, and the area around what was probably the original entrance. It is an unremarkable piece of agricultural infrastructure, and yet it has done more damage to this site than centuries of weather and neglect combined.

The fort is a univallate rath, meaning it is enclosed by a single earthen bank and accompanying fosse or ditch, the most common form of ringfort in Ireland. Such structures were typically used as defended farmsteads during the early medieval period, roughly between the fifth and twelfth centuries. This example sits on a gently sloping, north-west facing hillside between the western flanks of Croaghmarhin and the sea, with clear sightlines north to Sybil Head and south-west to Clogher Head. The interior measures roughly 23.8 metres north to south and 24.6 metres east to west. Where the bank survives undisturbed, it reaches up to 1.75 metres in height and retains intermittent traces of a stone revetment along its inner face, a lining of stone used to stabilise the earthen construction. The original entrance appears to have faced south-east and was about 1.63 metres wide, flanked by large upright stones, though the farmyard construction has muddied the picture enough that it is not entirely clear whether those stones were always part of the entrance or were simply shifted there from somewhere nearby. A separate two-metre gap on the south-west side of the bank is considered a later addition rather than an original feature. What remains of the fosse around the undisturbed perimeter is modest, between ten centimetres and forty centimetres deep, and the bank itself is described as generally eroded and gapped. The site was recorded in detail by J. Cuppage as part of the Corca Dhuibhne archaeological survey published in 1986.

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