Ringfort (Rath), Ballydaly, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Ballydaly, Co. Cork

On a north-east-facing slope in Ballydaly, a slightly raised circle of ground sits in ordinary pasture, its age betrayed mainly by a band of darker vegetation where a fosse, a defensive ditch, once ran around its outer edge.

The earthen bank enclosing it still stands to about 1.8 metres in height, and the whole enclosure measures roughly 33 metres across, making it a fairly typical example of a rath, the Early Medieval farmstead type that once dotted the Irish countryside in the tens of thousands. What lifts this particular site a little out of the ordinary is the evidence of a more elaborate original design.

A second bank, stone-faced and running from west around to north-north-west, appears to have been absorbed into the field fence system over the centuries, its original purpose gradually buried under the practical demands of later farming. A 1937 account by Broker noted that the enclosure once had a double fence, which matches what survives on the ground. Ringforts with two concentric enclosures, sometimes called bivallate raths, were generally associated with higher-status households in Early Medieval Ireland, suggesting the site may have belonged to someone of local importance. Gaps in the bank to the north, south-east, and south-west hint at original entrances, though it is difficult now to say which was primary. There is also the possibility of a souterrain beneath the interior; these underground stone-lined passages, commonly found within ringforts, were used for storage or as a place of refuge, and their presence often points to a site that was occupied for a significant period.

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