Ringfort (Rath), Gleann Daimh, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Gleann Daimh, Co. Cork

A low knoll in pasture land at Gleann Daimh, Co. Cork conceals rather more than a casual glance would suggest.

What looks at first like a slightly raised, uneven field is in fact a double-banked ringfort, one of the thousands of roughly circular enclosures built across Ireland during the early medieval period, most commonly between the sixth and tenth centuries, and used as defended farmsteads by farming families of varying social rank. This one is unusual in being bivallate, meaning it has two concentric earthen banks rather than the single ring more commonly encountered, which generally indicates a settlement of some status.

The inner enclosure measures roughly 27.6 metres north to south and 21.6 metres east to west, defined by an earthen bank that still stands about a metre high on its outer face, with a fosse, or ditch, running around its exterior. A second earthen bank, also around a metre high, sits approximately 13 metres beyond the first, running from the south-south-west to the north, with its own shallow external ditch. The outer bank has been stone-faced in places and absorbed into the existing field boundary system, which is a common fate for prehistoric and early medieval earthworks; farmers found the ready-made ridges and ditches too useful to ignore. The eastern portion of the site has been more seriously affected, having been destroyed by quarrying. Inside the enclosure, the ground slopes gently southward, and cultivation ridges running north to south cross both the interior and the ground between the two banks, suggesting the site was worked as agricultural land long after its original function was forgotten. Perhaps most intriguing is the souterrain in the northern quadrant of the interior. A souterrain is an underground stone-lined passage or chamber, typically associated with ringforts and thought to have served as a place of refuge, storage, or both. Its presence here is a reminder that the visible earthworks are only part of what lies at this site.

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