Cremation pit, Letterkeen, Co. Mayo

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Burial Sites

Cremation pit, Letterkeen, Co. Mayo

On a boggy plateau in the mountains of County Mayo, bounded by the Goulaun River and the rising flank of Letterkeen Hill, a Bronze Age community once burned their dead.

What survives of that practice is a semi-circular trench, several smaller pits built over with stones, and the remnants left inside them: ashes, charcoal, and minute fragments of cremated bone belonging to at least one adult human and, apparently, an animal, possibly a sheep. The whole arrangement is thought to have functioned as a crematorium, a place where bodies were reduced before burial rather than a burial site itself.

The feature was excavated in 1950 by Ó Ríordáin and Mac Dermott, and what they found suggested this was no isolated installation. Grouped closely around the cremation pit were a possible burial cairn, three cists, and two pit burials. A cist is a small stone-lined grave, typically large enough to hold a crouched body or a ceramic vessel containing cremated remains; they are a characteristic burial form of the Bronze Age in Ireland. Together, these elements point to a cemetery that was in active use over an extended period. Then, at a later date, a rath was built across the entire site, essentially burying it. A rath is a circular earthen enclosure, the most common type of early medieval farmstead in Ireland, and its construction here effectively sealed everything beneath it, which is part of the reason so much survived to be found at all.

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