Cist, Letterkeen, Co. Mayo
Co. Mayo |
Burial Sites
On a boggy plateau in County Mayo, caught between the Goulaun River and the steep flank of Letterkeen Hill, a small stone box was placed in the earth during the Bronze Age and left undisturbed for roughly three millennia.
The box in question is a cist, a type of burial chamber made by setting stone slabs on edge to form a tight, rectangular container, then roofing the whole thing with a capstone. What makes the Letterkeen example quietly unusual is that it was divided internally: a transverse slab separated the cist into two compartments, effectively creating a shared but partitioned grave.
When Seán Ó Ríordáin and Máiréad Mac Dermott excavated the site in 1950, they found that the two compartments held different individuals. The western section contained the cremated remains of at least one adult, probably male, along with some animal bone, charcoal, and what appeared to be a small pin fashioned from a bird bone. The eastern section held the remains of two people: another adult and a child of around ten years of age. The roofing slab measured approximately 1.2 metres by 0.8 metres, making this a compact structure to contain so many individuals. The cist did not sit alone. Excavation revealed a cluster of Bronze Age features in close proximity: a possible burial cairn, two further cists, and two pit burials, suggesting that this raised ground on the plateau served as a focal point for funerary activity over an extended period. Sometime later, the entire complex was overlain by a rath, a type of enclosed settlement typically defined by an earthen bank and ditch, so that the same patch of elevated ground that once held the dead was later chosen by the living as a place to farm and reside.
The layering here is what stays with you. The rath builders may or may not have known what lay beneath them, but the sequence, Bronze Age burial ground absorbed into an early medieval farmstead, speaks to how persistently certain landscapes attracted human attention across completely different eras and for quite different purposes.