Ringfort (Rath), Slieveowen, Co. Cork
Co. Cork |
Ringforts
Sitting atop a natural rise in the pastureland of Slieveowen, this double-banked ringfort is a quietly substantial presence in the mid-Cork landscape.
Nearly circular in plan, it measures roughly 58 metres east to west and just under 57 metres north to south, making it a fairly large example of its type. What gives it an extra layer of interest is the asymmetry built into its defences: the inner earthen bank rises to nearly two metres on the northern side, then gradually diminishes as it curves westward and eastward, while the outer bank, standing around 1.2 metres in height, is noticeably lower and more irregular on the eastern side. Between the two banks runs a fosse, the ditch that was dug to provide the material for the banks themselves, and on the eastern arc this fosse has become waterlogged over time, turning what was once an engineered defensive feature into a kind of marshy moat.
Ringforts, also known as raths, were the dominant form of enclosed farmstead in early medieval Ireland, typically dating from roughly the sixth to the twelfth centuries. Most were home to a single family and their livestock, the banks and ditches serving more as a marker of status and a deterrent to cattle raiders than as serious military fortification. The double-bank arrangement seen here, with its deep intervening fosse running from the south-west around to the south-east, suggests a household of some standing; single-banked examples are far more common. There are breaks in the inner bank at the north and south-east, likely the positions of original entrance gaps, and a raised area survives just inside the south-east section of the bank. Perhaps most intriguing is what may lie beneath the level interior: a possible souterrain is recorded to the north of centre. A souterrain is an underground stone-lined passage or chamber, often used for cool storage or as a place of refuge, and their presence beneath ringfort interiors is not unusual, though each one represents a decision made by real people about how to use and protect their space.