Enclosure, Ballinahinch, Co. Wicklow

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Enclosures

Enclosure, Ballinahinch, Co. Wicklow

At Ballinahinch in County Wicklow, there is an archaeological site that exists more convincingly on paper than it does on the ground.

A circular enclosure roughly twenty metres in diameter sits at the edge of forestry on a gentle west-facing slope, yet anyone standing where it ought to be would find nothing to see. No earthwork rises to meet the eye, no ditch or bank interrupts the grass. The site is, as the records put it plainly, not visible at ground level.

What makes its presence known at all is a nineteenth-century map. The 1838 Ordnance Survey six-inch series, one of the most ambitious cartographic undertakings ever carried out in Ireland, recorded the enclosure using hachures, the small radiating lines surveyors used to indicate earthworks and raised features. That the OS mapmakers noted it then suggests the feature was at least partially legible in the landscape at that point, even if nearly two centuries of forestry, vegetation change, and soil movement have since reduced it to invisibility. Circular enclosures of this kind are common across Ireland and generally date from the early medieval period, roughly the fifth to twelfth centuries. They were used variously as farmsteads, as boundaries for ecclesiastical sites, or as enclosures for livestock, and their circular form is one of the most characteristic shapes in the Irish archaeological record. Whether the Ballinahinch example served any of these functions specifically is not known from the available evidence.

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