Ecclesiastical enclosure, Glasnamullen, Co. Wicklow

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Ecclesiastical Sites

Ecclesiastical enclosure, Glasnamullen, Co. Wicklow

At Glasnamullen in County Wicklow, a graveyard and the ghost of a much older boundary share the same patch of ground, each quietly absorbing the other.

The D-shaped graveyard occupies only the south-western corner of a larger oval enclosure, and that enclosure, roughly 48 metres east to west and 34 metres north to south, is the thing that repays attention. Its outer edge is no dramatic earthwork; it survives as a slight scarp visible to the east of a farm track, and a shallow fosse, a ditch marking the outer boundary, that is about three metres wide and only thirty centimetres deep at the south-west. Further north, the bank that once completed the circuit has been absorbed into a farmyard wall, which means the earlier structure is still technically present, just pressed into agricultural service.

This kind of oval or sub-circular enclosure is a recurring feature of early Irish ecclesiastical sites. In early medieval Ireland, a consecrated religious settlement would typically be defined by one or more enclosing banks and ditches, and the shape and scale of the boundary often survived long after the buildings inside had disappeared. The graveyard at the south-west of this site sits within that inherited outline, a smaller, later feature nested inside the footprint of something considerably older. The site lies at the foot of a gentle east-facing slope, which is a fairly typical orientation for early Christian foundations in Ireland, and the way the farmyard wall to the north has swallowed part of the original bank is a reminder of how these sites have been continuously worked around and over rather than preserved in any formal sense.

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