Ecclesiastical enclosure, Ballymoat, Co. Wicklow

Co. Wicklow |

Ecclesiastical Sites

Ecclesiastical enclosure, Ballymoat, Co. Wicklow

Most medieval Irish churches were originally enclosed within a roughly circular boundary, a curving earthen bank that defined sacred ground and separated the monastic or ecclesiastical precinct from the world outside.

At Ballymoat in County Wicklow, that older boundary has not entirely disappeared. About one-third of a circular enclosure, some thirty metres in diameter, still survives at the edge of what is now a modern graveyard, preserved as a low earthen bank roughly three metres wide and a metre high along the southern and western sides, with a steep natural slope reinforcing the eastern edge. The northern section is gone, absorbed or levelled at some point, but enough remains to trace the ghost of an earlier, pre-Norman arrangement around the ruined church at its centre.

The church itself is a nave and chancel structure, the two-part plan common in Irish Romanesque and early medieval ecclesiastical architecture, built in uncoursed rubble, meaning the stones were laid without the dressed, regular courses you would see in more elaborate construction. It sits on a gentle south-east-facing slope, a practical orientation that also has ecclesiastical tradition behind it. The graveyard that now surrounds it contains several headstones dating from the early to mid-eighteenth century, which places at least some of the site's recorded use in the decades after the Williamite settlement, when rural burial grounds across Ireland were being formalised around older ruins. The enclosure bank they partly overlie, or that they cluster near, belongs to a considerably earlier phase, one whose precise origins remain unspecified but whose circular form is a recognised marker of early Irish ecclesiastical sites, often associated with the pre-Norman church.

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