Ringfort (Rath), Carrigcleena More, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Carrigcleena More, Co. Cork

In the pastureland of Carrigcleena More, a circular earthwork sits quietly absorbed into the working landscape around it.

The bank that once defined its boundary has been woven into the local field fence system, cattle gaps punched through to the south and south-west, so that what was once an enclosed early medieval farmstead now serves, in part, as a field division. That tension between ancient form and agricultural practicality is what makes it worth paying attention to.

The rath, as this type of monument is properly called, is a roughly circular enclosure measuring 34 metres north to south and 33 metres east to west. A rath is an earthen ringfort, the kind of enclosed settlement that would have housed a farming family and their livestock during the early medieval period in Ireland, roughly between the fifth and twelfth centuries. The enclosing bank here survives to an internal height of 1.5 metres and an external height of 1.75 metres, though it is heavily overgrown. Beyond the bank, an external fosse, a defensive ditch, can still be traced as a gentle slope running down to the bank's base. The original entrance, two metres wide, faces east. The interior slopes downward from its highest point in the western half toward that eastern entrance, with gentler falls to the north and south. In the western half of the interior lies a souterrain, an underground stone-lined passage or chamber that would typically have been used for cool storage or, in times of danger, as a place of refuge. Its presence here suggests the site was once a reasonably substantial household.

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