Ringfort (Rath), Castlewaller, Co. Tipperary
Co. Tipperary |
Ringforts
On the east-facing slope of a steep-sided ravine in the uplands of north Tipperary, a circular enclosure sits in varying states of survival, its eastern side effectively erased while its western arc remains legible in the landscape.
What is quietly telling about this spot is not its condition but its company: two further ringforts lie to the north and north-east, making this a cluster rather than an isolated curiosity, a reminder that early medieval settlement in Ireland was rarely solitary.
A ringfort, or rath, was the typical farmstead of early medieval Ireland, roughly between the fifth and twelfth centuries. Most consisted of a circular area enclosed by one or more earthen banks and ditches, and this example follows that familiar pattern. The surviving bank encloses a roughly circular space measuring about 22.5 metres across, with the bank itself reaching between one and a half and two and a half metres in height on the exterior, though only about 0.6 metres on the inner face. Outside the bank runs a wide, flat-bottomed fosse, the formal term for the ditch that would once have ringed the entire circuit; it measures between two and three metres wide and around one and a half metres deep where it survives. The eastern side has been lost entirely, reduced at best to a low scarp. A possible outer bank is still traceable from south to west, though it has long since been absorbed into a field boundary fence, the kind of quiet re-use that has preserved countless earthworks from outright destruction. No original entrance survives in a recognisable form, which is not unusual in poorly preserved sites where the gap in the bank was always the most vulnerable point.