Ringfort (Rath), Castlewaller, Co. Tipperary

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Castlewaller, Co. Tipperary

On the western slope of a hill in the uplands of North Tipperary, a roughly circular earthwork sits quietly in the landscape, its origins stretching back well over a thousand years.

What makes it worth a second look is the collision of timescales visible in the ground itself: a drystone wall field-fence, built to mark agricultural boundaries at some later point in history, cuts directly across the south-eastern section of the enclosing bank, slicing through the earlier structure with complete indifference to what it was interrupting.

The site is a rath, the most common monument type in the Irish countryside. Raths were enclosed farmsteads of the early medieval period, typically dating from roughly the fifth to the twelfth century, in which a circular area was defended by one or more earthen banks and ditches. Here the enclosed space measures approximately 28 metres across, ringed by a bank of earth and stone that stands about half a metre above the interior ground level and rises to roughly one and a half metres on the outer face. Beyond the bank runs an external fosse, the ditch from which material for the bank was originally dug, measuring around two and a half metres wide and half a metre deep. No entrance gap or causeway survives to indicate where people once passed in and out. The site does not stand alone in the landscape: a castle site lies a short distance to the south-west, suggesting that this upland area carried successive layers of occupation, from early medieval farmers to later medieval lordship.

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