Ringfort (Rath), Cloghboola More, Co. Cork
Co. Cork |
Ringforts
Sitting quietly in pasture on an east-facing slope above a stream valley in mid-Cork, this rath, or earthen ringfort, carries a detail that sets it apart from the plainer examples scattered across the Irish countryside: its outer bank is stone-faced along three sides.
Ringforts are enclosures built mostly during the early medieval period, roughly the fifth to the twelfth centuries, and they served as defended farmsteads for families of some local standing. Most are defined by a single earthen bank and ditch. This one has two concentric banks separated by a fosse, a word simply meaning a ditch or trench cut into the ground, which made the whole enclosure considerably more formidable.
The geometry here is carefully legible. The inner bank rises to a height of 1.9 metres on the interior side and is separated from the outer bank by a fosse 1.2 metres deep. The outer bank, standing about a metre high, was reinforced with stone facing on its north, west, and southern aspects, though whether this stonework is original or a later addition is not recorded. The entrance, 3.5 metres wide, opens to the southeast, an orientation shared by many ringforts and thought to relate to prevailing winds and morning light. Inside, the ground is partially overgrown, and a small grass-covered mound sits in the southeast quadrant, close to the entrance. Such interior mounds sometimes overlie structural remains, a collapsed building or a souterrain, which is an underground stone-lined passage used for storage or refuge, though no excavation record is noted here.
The site sits on the western side of a stream valley, and the slope would have given its inhabitants a clear view eastward across the water. The stone-facing on the outer bank, facing outward toward the north, west, and south, suggests either a concern with erosion on the exposed uphill sides or a deliberate effort to present a more imposing face to anyone approaching from those directions. Either way, the combination of double banks, a fosse, and partial stone reinforcement points to an enclosure built with some care and, perhaps, a degree of social ambition on the part of whoever once farmed this hillside.