Ringfort (Rath), Crooha, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Crooha, Co. Cork

What makes this earthwork in Crooha, Co. Cork quietly compelling is the scale of what has survived in an otherwise ordinary stretch of pasture.

A roughly circular enclosure, measuring 26 metres across in both directions, is still ringed by an earthen bank standing five metres high, a figure that speaks to the original ambition of whoever had it raised. Most ringforts of this kind have been worn down to a low ridge, so a bank of this height is a relatively well-preserved example of a type of monument that once numbered in the tens of thousands across Ireland.

A ringfort, or rath, was the standard form of enclosed farmstead in early medieval Ireland, typically dating from somewhere between the sixth and twelfth centuries. They were not primarily military structures, though the enclosure did offer a degree of protection for livestock and family. This one follows the classic arrangement: a circular earthen bank, a fosse or external ditch on the southern and south-western arc with a depth of around 0.7 metres, and a counterscarp bank of equal height on the outer edge of that ditch. The entrance to the south, roughly 4.4 metres wide, is accompanied by a causeway crossing the fosse, a practical detail that survives in recognisable form. Perhaps the most intriguing feature is the souterrain recorded in the interior. A souterrain is an underground stone-lined passage or chamber, associated with ringforts across Ireland and probably used for cool storage or as a refuge. The site sits on the edge of a break in a south-east-facing slope, a position that would have offered both drainage and a degree of natural advantage to whoever occupied it.

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