Ringfort (Rath), Moonhall, Co. Kilkenny

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Moonhall, Co. Kilkenny

Three ringforts sitting side by side in a Kilkenny field is unusual enough on its own, but what makes the cluster at Moonhall quietly compelling is the company they keep.

Arranged immediately to the south-east of a medieval castle and its associated deserted settlement, the three enclosures form a landscape that telescopes several distinct phases of human occupation into a single view across reclaimed pasture.

The ringfort described here is a rath, a term for an earthen enclosed settlement of early medieval Ireland, typically defined by one or more banks and ditches. This example is a roughly circular enclosure between 46 and 50 metres in diameter, defined by a fosse, the ditch cut to demarcate and defend the perimeter. Two further enclosures adjoin it: a slightly smaller one to the north-west, and another immediately west of that second enclosure. All three sit just south-east of the castle and the traces of the deserted settlement that grew up around it, suggesting the site drew sustained human attention across centuries, from early medieval farmstead to Norman or later lordship. By the time the first edition Ordnance Survey six-inch map was produced in 1839, a field boundary was already cutting roughly east-south-east to west-north-west through the northern perimeter of the monument. That boundary had been removed by the time the 1900 revision was made, a small detail that speaks to the gradual process by which agricultural improvement both obscured and, in this case, partially undid earlier interventions on older ground.

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