Promontory fort - coastal, Cill Ghallagáin, Co. Mayo
Co. Mayo |
Forts
On a small diamond-shaped headland along the cliff edge north of Broadhaven in County Mayo, the ground drops away sharply on all sides, and what remains of a once-defended promontory fort sits quietly above the Atlantic in a landscape of wet bogland and sea wind.
The site is modest in scale, roughly 36 metres east to west and 34 metres north to south, but its position is striking: flanked by two much larger headlands with deep chasms on either side, and overlooked by higher ground to the north and east. A promontory fort is exactly what it sounds like, a fortified headland where the sea or the cliffs do much of the defensive work, leaving only the landward approach to be blocked by human effort.
Here, that landward defence took the form of a fosse, a cut ditch, and an earthen bank across the narrow neck of the headland. The fosse was clearly the primary element; its base sits some three metres below the interior level and between five and six metres below the outer ground surface, a considerable depth for a site of this size. The bank outside it survives poorly, incorporating some stone but showing no trace of revetting or a formal entrance causeway. There is also a second, outer line of earthworks about 25 metres to the east, where a straight earthen bank with its own external fosse runs across the point where the neck meets the mainland. This doubling of the defences is worth noting, even if both elements are now reduced. The sheer depth of the fosse relative to the bank that accompanies it raises the possibility that the cut was partly natural in origin, widened or adapted rather than dug from scratch. The interior is level and otherwise bare, with only a low perimeter bank of earth and stone tracing its edge.