Enclosure, Killalane, Co. Tipperary

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Enclosures

Enclosure, Killalane, Co. Tipperary

What roadworks uncover is rarely glamorous, but the groundwork for the N7 Nenagh to Limerick dual carriageway exposed something quietly remarkable at Killalane in County Tipperary: the partial remains of a double-ditched enclosure on a south-facing slope, sitting in hilly terrain with open views stretching south and east toward the Kilmastulla River.

The enclosure had been invisible for centuries, folded into farmland, and it only came to light because a road had to go through.

Excavation revealed the north-eastern portion of a sub-circular enclosure, estimated at roughly 32 metres in interior diameter and about 40 metres at its widest. Two concentric fosses, the term used for the ditches of such enclosures, ran parallel some 8 metres apart; the inner one was the deeper of the two, averaging about 1.43 metres in depth and nearly 3 metres wide. On the eastern side, where the ground slopes gently down toward the river, a causeway entrance roughly 2.4 metres across allowed access through both ditches. Two large postholes found just inside this entrance, and another cutting through the outer fosse, pointed to a timber gate structure of some substance. Tucked between the two ditches on the north-western arc of the enclosure, excavators also found a corn-drying kiln of the figure-of-eight type, a small stone-built feature used to dry harvested grain before milling or storage, here notably unlined. Radiocarbon dates obtained from charcoal in the lowest fills of the fosses place the enclosure's origins in the Iron Age, with dates ranging from around AD 133 to 502. Further dates from the upper fills and other internal features indicate the site remained in use well into the 8th or 9th century, spanning a period that takes it from late prehistory through into the early medieval period. That kind of long continuity, across several centuries and at least two broadly distinct cultural phases, is one of the more interesting things the site has to tell.

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